Britian is a georaphically disunited kingdom Essay

Britian is a georaphically divided realm - Essay Example in 1801 when the Irish parliament was gotten together with the parliament for England, Wales and Scotland in London, and the entire of the British Isles turned into a solitary state. In any case, in 1922 the south of Ireland turned into the Irish Free State and in 1949 an autonomous republic.(Hamnett, p93) The individuals of United Kingdom are British and have British nationality. As a gathering they are generally alluded to as the British, instead of as Britons, however this name is utilized in the media. Old Britons were the individuals who lived in Britain before Romans came. Just individuals who originate from England can be called English. Individuals from Ireland are Irish, People from Wales Welsh, and individuals from Scotland Scots or Scottish, and they don't care for being called English. The term Brits is just utilized casually, regularly cleverly. Numerous individuals from Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have more grounded sentiments of Loyalty towards their own nation than they do the United Kingdom. English individuals who have come initially from Asia, Africa or the West Indies may likewise feel two arrangements of Loyalties. (Pugh, pp57 †60) Devolution includes the exchange of political force from a focal government to a provincial government. Scotland and Wales, for the most part through their patriot parties, the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru, both battled to have power regressed from the parliament of the United Kingdom to their own political gatherings. The two players had just a couple of MPs in the British parliament. (Minister, p27) For some British individuals the perfect spot to live is town set in appealing open country. To those living around towns invoke pictures of harmony, a moderate pace of life, pretty bungalows and a nation bar. Be that as it may, living in a town might be badly designed, particularly for individuals without a vehicle, the same number of town shops have been compelled to close and open vehicle administrations are constrained. The vast majority currently live in towns, in city rural areas or in enormous towns, which have become residence networks. For close by tows, a few

Analysis of Risk Management in Banking Activity

Investigation of Risk Management in Banking Activity The Case of Mauritian Banks Money related deregulation, globalization and advancement have uplifted significant financial dangers. Also, banks require powerful hazard the board procedures to advance financial government assistance, secure outside organizations executing with banks and to guarantee stable financial tasks. Hazard directors need to concentrate on the assorted variety of dangers and secure the premiums of the general financial area. Hazard Management is these days isolated where there is irregularity in revealing, inadequate assessment and low nature of the executives and gets incapable because of absence of appropriate data and inappropriate investigation of the hazard factors (Prabir Sen, 2009). In any case, banks can't keep balance in the circumstances of dangers with immense misfortunes and remote chance of event and dangers of insignificant misfortunes with affinity of occurrence.â According to Talmimi and Hussein, Mazroezi and Mohammed (2007), chance administration empowers benefits expansion and involves limitations in unsafe exercises. Dangers can be turned away by standard financial systems, can be moved to different organizations and can be overseen effectively in banks (Oldfield and Santemero, 1997). 1.1 Objectives of the Study The center targets of the examination are: To test into the strategies and parts of the hazard recognizable proof, appraisal, observing, the board and relief in Mauritian banks. To determine the impacts of hazard the board on Mauritian banks. To decide to which degree hazard the executives systems like Basel II, subsidiaries, stress testing and Asset and Liability Management are pertinent in Mauritian banks. To break down the components which improve Risk Management Practices in Mauritian banks and the points of view about Banking Risk Management. To investigate the purposes behind overseeing dangers in Mauritian banks. 1.2 Statement of the Problem There is an expanding mindfulness that the slow strengthening of banking dangers impacts antagonistically on banking exchanges which raises the worries for chance administration. The premise worry of this examination is whether the Mauritian banks are utilizing various hazard the board strategies and whether they can adapt to the present and planned difficulties of dangers and hazard the executives necessities. 1.3 Significance and Contribution of the Study Bank supervisors can be familiar with dissimilar hazard the board strategies, their suggestions, impacts and their importance in banks through the down to earth parts of hazard the board application. Bank directors can break down the instruments bringing about the expanding level of hazard exposures. Business heads and the board professionals can utilize this investigation as manual for plan productive measures to moderate dangers during the time spent creating showcasing strategies. 1.4 Structure of the Project Section 2 expounds on the writing survey identified with the hazard the executives. Part 3 reveals the general outline of Mauritian Banking Sector. Section 4 spotlights on the point by point research system that has been utilized. Section 5 examines the investigation and translation of the Mauritian financial hazard the executives data. Section 6 tests on the suggestions to improve Risk Management rehearses in Mauritian banks. Section 7 closes the entire discoveries of the task. Section 1-THEORETICAL ASPECTS 2.1 Introduction The approach of innovation, globalization and the opposition has empowered banks in hazard taking exercises presenting banks to dangers. Administrative and administrative foundations have stressed the requirement for banks to upgrade their hazard the executives rehearses. Dangers emerge from the probabilities of the event of misfortunes and as a rule rise up out of the inward and outside financial exchanges. 2.2 Banking Failures determinants The previous decades have experienced various bank turbulences where significant expenses have been brought about on both nearby and abroad level (Gaytã ¡n and Johnson 2002, p.1), impeding the credit offices, limiting venture and utilization and creating insolvency cases (Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache, 1998a, p.81). As indicated by them, the costly fiscal strategy was utilized to drive the sound banks to continue the disappointments of wiped out banks which discourage chance administration. Variances in loan costs post annulment of Brettons Woods System, higher financial rivalry, the non presence of intermediation edges, unskillful loaning and venture strategies (Hellwig 1995, p.724-726 ) , the reducing job of the oligopoly leases as expressed by Gehrig (1995 refered to Hellwig 1995, p.726 ), the lower level of capital holds in banks, organizations high dependence on banks for outer fund referenced by Rajan and Zingales (1998 refered to Randall S. Kroszner 2007),systemic stuns brought about by credit chances, the powerlessness to expand advances, exchange weakening and reduction resource costs caused bank disappointments contended by Gorton (1988 refered to Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache1998b, p.85). Additionally, system changes like money related constraint, advancement and extreme macroeconomic conditions energize the passage of unpracticed players and inclination for the obtaining of pointless credits expressed by Honohan (1997 refered to Gaytan and Johnson 2002, p.4) have created banking turbulences.â Non-performing advances increment where the advantage returns are not exactly the profits to be paid on liabilities. Banks obtain in universal money and loan in neighborhood cash where the last deteriorates if the remote trade money hazard is moved to nearby borrowers in the event that they lent in outside money. Banks purchase protection insurance which empowers chance taking exercises without prudential management and guideline. Bank supervisors participate in deceitful moves by making a bit of cash for their own utilization (Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache 1998c, p.85-87). Jewel and Dybrig (1983 refered to Demirguc and Detragiache 1988d, p.86) contended that banks portfolio resources can compound and contributors accept that different investors are evacuating their cash. Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995 refered to Demirguc and Detragiache 1988e, p.87) referenced that a foreseen debasement could event bank runs in nearby banks and these stores are move d abroad and render the residential banks without liquidity. 2.3 Banking dangers alsamakis et al (1996 refered to Young 2001, p.57) contended that dangers can be named unadulterated dangers and theoretical dangers. Unadulterated dangers which encapsulate advertise dangers, credit dangers, financing cost dangers, liquidity dangers, nation hazard and settlement chance are related with the likelihood of event of misfortune or no misfortune and can be reduced by chance administration methodologies. In any case, theoretical dangers including operational dangers, innovation hazard, reputational chance, consistence chance, lawful hazard and protection dangers include an open door for increase or misfortune which can be supported. 2.3.1 Credit Risks These significant dangers happen in banks when the borrower defaults on his commitment to repay the chief sum and the premium charged of the advance. Credit dangers comprise of three sorts of dangers like (Arunkumar and Kotreshwar 2005, p.9): Exchange hazard rises up out of the vacillations in the credit type and capital relying upon how the bank guarantees singular advance exchanges. Characteristic Risk will be hazard winning in certain establishments and on allowing credit to certain organizations. Fixation hazard is the normal of exchange and natural hazard inside the portfolio and urges allowing of credits to one borrower or one firm. 2.3.2 Interest rate dangers Koch (1995 refered to Beets and Styger 2001, p.9) characterized financing cost chance as the future changes in a banks net premium salary and market estimation of value because of changes in the market loan fees. Kropas (1998 refered to Martirosianien) specified three kinds of financing cost dangers like: Reappraisal chance stems from the assorted times of advantages and liabilities Benefit bend chance entailselements influencing the reappraisal hazard. Essential point chance concernsflawed relationship between the receivable and payable loan cost. Alternative hazard is the place the advantages of choices can unfavorably influence the banks value. 2.3.3 Liquidity dangers Liquidity dangers happen when the banks can't satisfy the needs of the contributors in light of absence of assets and the illiquid resources coming about in the long run in bank bankruptcy. Credit, key, financing cost and notoriety dangers develop liquidity dangers (Gaulia and Maserinskieno 2006, p.49). 2 kinds of liquidity dangers are (ADB Report 2008, p.9): Subsidizing liquidity chance is the probability to acquire cash by means of the offer of bank property and by obtaining. Exchanging Liquidity chance emerges from making a consistent passage in showcase exercises and dealings. 2.3.4 Market dangers These dangers emerge when the estimation of the monetary items changes contrarily and comprise of money chance, financing cost hazard, value or obligation security value chance (Gaulia and Maserinskieno 2006, p.49). 2.3.5 Operational Risks Basel Committee (2004) which forces a capital charge characterized operational dangers as the danger of immediate or aberrant misfortunes coming about because of deficient or bombed inner procedures, individuals, and frameworks, or from outside occasions. This definition incorporates legitimate hazard, yet prohibits key and reputational chance. 2.3.6 Reputational Risks These dangers develop when the quantity of customers diminishes as they hold negative viewpoints about the nature of administrations offered by the banks. 2.3.7 Strategic dangers Vital dangers emerge when awful choices and undertakings are attempted to build up an uncommon framework in banks because of the absence of assets, innovative devices and the master staff. 2.3.8 Foreign Exchange Risks These dangers come when the costs of the money vary while participating in remote exercises. There are 3 sorts of outside trade money dangers. (Deloitte Treasury and Capital Markets 2006) Exchange chance involves the fate of unique incomes like imports and fares. Tr

The Western Culture Of Thinness Architecture Essay

Each general public has a way of tormenting its grown-up females, in the case of bybinding their pess or by housing them into baleen corsets.What cutting edge American human advancement has thought of is designerjeans. † Anorexia nervosa ( A ) is an eating vexed most regularly affecting juvenile grown-up females. The symptomatic measures for anorexia is characterized by the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of the American Psychiatric Association fourth erectile brokenness ( DSM-IV ) as exorbitant abstaining from excessive food intake or practicing assuming to extraordinary weight reduction for age, stature and sexual orientation, a refusal to infer weight, annoyance in natural structure perceptual experience and amenorrhoea. The certain in reason for AN is accepted to be psychopathic, with ongoing biomedical research focusing on an organic position, where a particular cistron, particle or encephalon part is searched out to loan to the natural balance of AN. Accordingly there is a lot of endeavor put into the turn of events and permitting of conceivable ‘anti-anorexic ‘ pharmaceutical medications. Be that as it may, the general inadequacy of accomplishment of solid medications for dealing with A focuses to in excess of a basic natural reason to AN. It has been proposed ( Bordo ) that the unusual brain research projects behind AN are a lot of particularly side effects that emerge from inside a social model, viz. the Western progress. In portion, A might be marked a mental miracle that showed as a result of the impact of Western standards of excellence and natural structure types. Western culture ‘s youthful juvenile grown-up females are particularly defenseless against these likenesses of natural structure types and in this way demo the most noteworthy frequency of AN. Besides, in late mature ages A has gotten a transcultural disturbed, affecting human advancements impacted by Western progress or by and by experiencing Westernization, for example, the Chinese, Nipponese, Fijians and African Americans, where A had one time been unfathomable. However, it has been contended that A can non be seen absolutely as a Western culture-bound condition as there have been a n ever increasing number of investigations of eating upsets looking to some extent like A harrowing grown-up females in non-Western human advancements and even certain gatherings of individuals inside Western civic establishments. The isolating component of these variances of AN is their motivation, which is incredibly individualized, changing from individual hurt to conventional and profound grounds. Critically, these changes do non partner to a distorted perceptual encounter of the natural structure nor a nonsensical alarm of determining weight, recommending that the present definition for AN is constrained and expect that AN is a cosmopolitan encounter. Along these lines, albeit AN is viewed as a mental miracle, it can non be seen completely from a natural or mental position, however rather from inside a transcultural setting, one which incorporates the impacts of Western progress on perceptual encounters of the natural structure each piece great as the specific, individualized g rounds that emerge from inside other civilizations.Paragraph 1: The Western Culture of ThinnessAnorexia is viewed as a Western culture-bound marvel as a result of the current sociopolitical requests put upon grown-up females in regards to the beliefs of magnificence, natural structure structures, and women's liberation, each piece great as the normal taking care of conduct found in many family units and the abundance of accessible supplement. The term culture-bound means a confinement of a wonder inside an unconventional social gathering because of explicit cultural, political, development and mental components from inside that human progress. It has been indicated that most American grown-up females are distracted with their weight. Hence, anorexia has been introduced as an outrageous to the across the country distraction with weight and natural structure picture ( Banks ) . Generally, the develop of the perfect female natural structure was temperamental, changing with the politica l and monetary clime, which influenced social qualities and along these lines mentalities toward female natural structures. During the provincial age, the fight to toward the end in a harsh domain supported solid, rich, healthy grown-up females who were equipped for assisting with employments each piece great as bearing numerous children to expand family unit size. Timess changed in the nineteenth century, by and by, with the introduction of an increasingly comfortable way of life, the fraility of grown-up females and the development of the support. Womans who seemed defenseless, dainty and delicate were considered to hold the perfect cultured properties that were attractive. This propensity changed in the twentieth century when the waifish articulation got famous, where grown-up females shied away from long dresses and compliance to work powers for short hair, bloomerss and a gender ambiguous, dainty, waifish articulation that spoke to their opportunity. Since along these lines, th ere has been a social propensity towards fragility, with commended hypothetical records, for example, Twiggy going family graven pictures, peaking in today ‘s across the nation impulse with ‘weight-viewing, ‘ ‘calorie-tallying ‘ and ‘dieting. ‘ It is the broad communications picture of the perfect flimsy female natural structure as alluring, attractive and sound that has farther propagated the ‘culture of frailty. ‘ The central characteristics of these social ‘fads ‘ are pre-adult and pre-adult grown-up females, who other than have the most noteworthy frequency of anorexia. As of late, the occurrence of A has expanded in pre-youngster and juvenile misss, as they are much of the time the main imprint crowd for a combination of media, which present ridiculous viewpoints of their natural structure structures. Broken kineticss inside a family have other than been ascribed for this propensity of expanding A frequency in mo re youthful misss. Design magazines regularly delineate slender grown-up females to be attractive and solid, broadcasting advertisements advance the most recent mechanical development that enables a grown-up female to get thinner and the Internet offers unbounded sites with tips on ‘eating sound, ‘ keeping up off the ‘fat, ‘ hunger suppressants and ‘0 calorie ‘ dietetic addendums. Especially essential are the ‘pro-anorexia ‘ sites that announce A to be a way of life pick, offer guidance on weight heading, solid eating fewer carbs plans and network support advancing AN. This flood of cultural and social standpoints to be slender so as to be appealing has prevailed Western human progress since the nineteenth century. The happening to broad communications has exacerbated these viewpoints, resulting in the expansion of rate of AN each piece great as other eating upsets, unconventionally in youthful misss and grown-up females. Along these l ines the mental employments behind anorexia might be portrayed as a lot of impossible to miss side effects that emerge from inside a social model †the Western human advancement of frailty. Futhermore, there have been an expanding figure of investigations of AN in non-Western populaces, questioning the feeling that AN is a Western culture-bound condition. This propensity is credited to the introduction of non-Western civic establishments to Western human progress by means of broad communications ( Nasser, 1994 ) . One overview has demonstrated that Hispanic and African American misss display AN, impacted by their introduction to Western media, recommending that AN is a mental disturbed that rises above social and financial limits. It was initially accepted that the referenced gathering of individuals were ‘protected ‘ by present day Western impacts, because of their convention of enveloping bigger, suggestive grown-up females. However, a review directed by Becker found that the Fijians ‘ develop of the female natural structure has been, as it were, impacted by the Western human advancement of frailty. There were no investigations of eating upsets in th e Fijian populace until 1995, when a universal broadcasting station was communicated for the main clasp, imagining Western media. Three mature ages consequently, investigations of dissatisifation with natural structure picture, endeavors to order weight, for example, abstaining from excessive food intake and self-instigated emesis were seen, recommending that these Fijian grown-up females were affected by the Western social standards of the ideal natural structure and could non separate between the world broadcasting introduced and genuine world. Notwithstanding a custom of well sing suggestive grown-up females, a couple of mature ages presentation to Western social and perceptual encounters of magnificence have fundamentally affected the Fijians. So also, an overview directed by Nasser on the commonness of AN in young Egyptian misss in Cairo showed that in spite of conventional Egyptian estimations of bigger, fruitful grown-up females, handiness to Western develops of the perfect n atural structure type through broad communications has socially acclimatized youthful Egyptian grown-up females. These discoveries feature a marvel known as planetary human advancement, where the universe is associated through media, leting social qualities to be promptly available by different developments over the Earth. Such a wonder focuses to the importance of taking care of AN as non just emerging from Western civic establishments, yet an irritated that rises above social limits. As great, surveies have demonstrated that absorption of workers into the Western progress and form to the normal standards and qualities on natural structure picture and develops of excellence has added to the option in occurrence of AN in non-Western gatherings. Conversely, different surveies have demonstrated that the individuals who live by their ain human advancement while life in a Western development contrasted with the individuals who have acculturized show an expanded frequency of AN. The correspondent being of two civic establishments outcomes in a ‘culture thump, ‘ which has been conjectured to loan to more noteworthy interior battle concerning self-character and in this manner higher affectability to tension about mental self view and expansion in

Implications for Frozen Food Marketing-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Talk about the Consumer mindfulness about sound items. Answer: Issue articulation The dietary propensities for people directly affect the wellbeing of the people thus Ausfine Food has made the correct promoting systems for the solidified food items to impact the purchaser purchasing practices. The examination method of reasoning shows the ascent of diet related medical problems and the ill-advised bundling of the solidified food things at United Kingdom, which has caused individuals to stay away from the solidified food things (Cairns et al., 2013). To forestall this, the Government has executed required naming strategy including the different supplements of the bundled solidified food things. Ausfine Food has showcased its items by following supportable estimates like green bundling to make uplifting mentality among the clients just as keep up the wellbeing and security of theirs. Green bundling, yet in addition the organization plans to convey the best quality sound items that can impact the purchasing practices of the clients and increment the business income a s well (Ausfine.com.au2018). Because of the massive rivalry in the market, Ausfine Food will stay focused on the feasible techniques while advertising the solidified food things and guarantee affecting their purchasing practices effortlessly and adequacy (Grunert, Hieke Wills, 2014). Research Aim The point of the exploration is to decide the ramifications of solidified food promoting of Ausfine Food and its effect on the buyer purchasing practices and decisions made by them. Research Objectives To distinguish the effect of solidified food showcasing on the purchasing practices of buyers at Ausfine Food, Australia To assess the different methodologies embraced by the organization to showcase the solidified food things effectively in the market To evaluate the different estimates that have helped the organization to keep up manageable measures while showcasing the items and administrations To suggest vital estimates that ought to be received by Ausfine Food for defeating the solidified food showcasing issues and keep up maintainability to impact the shopper purchasing conduct Research Methodology Extensive writing audit The solidified food things decisions could influence the food requests in the market just as speak to an expanding fragment of the locally situated feast substitution class. The data about customers could be identified with nonexclusive wellbeing data and item explicit nourishment profiles. The capacity of the buyers to utilize the data can assume a significant job in the buying choices made by the customers (Anselmsson, Vestman Bondesson Johansson, 2014). The different business related to the data issues incorporated the securing of data alongside the utilization of nourishment mark. The Government has assumed a significant job in the dissemination of dietary data and because of this; the organizations have figured out how to advertise the solidified food things through legitimate limited time methods and even through the inclusion of an internet based life stage (Chandon, 2013). The solidified food organization to guarantee that the clients were pulled in and they could think about the items in subtleties ought to give the healthy benefit, fixings utilized and wholesome data. People procurement of data could help in assessing the advantages acquired by buying the items just as impact their response to the new wellbeing related data. The organization should keep up feasible bundling strategies to keep the food new and solid for utilization by the clients (Phan Vu, 2015). This would build up an inspirational outlook among them and make them buy the items and administrations of the organization, moreover spread constructive messages to numerous others so they could get impacted (Newman et al., 2014). Optional sources The optional sources would be valuable for getting pertinent data and information about the theme and comprise the auxiliary information. The auxiliary sources could be articles, diaries, web sites and via looking through watchwords, for example, solidified food things, green bundling, dietary benefit of solidified things, and so forth (Salazar, Oerlemans van Stroe?Biezen, 2013). Then again, overviews were led to get the assessments and criticisms of the respondents that comprised the quantitative information. The subjective information was assembled by talking with the administrators of the association and both these sorts of information helped in the essential information assortment (Buder, Feldmann Hamm, 2014). Information examination The examination of information ought to be done to check the exactness of data and checked whether it had been assembled from true sources or not. The quantitative information investigation should be possible with the utilization of SPSS instrument for speaking to the information and data as graphs, outlines, and so forth. This would give better adaptability and keep up great connection between the various factors required to lead the examination proficiently (Grunert, Hieke Wills, 2014). References Anselmsson, J., Vestman Bondesson, N., Johansson, U. (2014). Brand picture and clients' ability to follow through on a cost premium for food brands.Journal of Product Brand Management,23(2), 90-102. Antonetti, P., Maklan, S. (2014). Sentiments that have any kind of effect: How blame and pride persuade customers regarding the viability of economical utilization decisions. Diary of Business Ethics, 124(1), 117-134. Ausfine.com.au. (2018). Ausfine Foods/Home. Ausfine.com.au. Recovered 23 March 2018, from https://ausfine.com.au/ Buder, F., Feldmann, C., Hamm, U. (2014). Why normal purchasers of natural food despite everything purchase numerous customary items: Product-explicit buy hindrances for natural food buyers. English Food Journal, 116(3), 390-404. Cairns, G., Angus, K., Hastings, G., Caraher, M. (2013). Methodical surveys of the proof on the nature, degree and impacts of food showcasing to kids. A review summary.Appetite,62, 209-215. Chandon, P. (2013). How bundle plan and bundled based advertising claims lead to overeating.Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy,35(1), 7-31. Grunert, K. G., Hieke, S., Wills, J. (2014). Supportability marks on food items: Consumer inspiration, comprehension and use. Food Policy, 44, 177-189. Newman, C. L., Turri, A. M., Howlett, E., Stokes, A. (2014). Twenty years of nation of-root food naming examination: a survey of the writing and suggestions for food promoting systems.Journal of Macromarketing,34(4), 505-519. Phan, T. T. H., Vu, P. A. (2015). The effect of advertising blend components on food purchasing conduct: an investigation of general store shoppers in Vietnam.International Journal of Business and Management,10(10), 206. Salazar, H. An., Oerlemans, L., van Stroe?Biezen, S. (2013). Social effect on reasonable utilization: proof from a conduct try. Worldwide Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(2), 172-180

Animal Liberation and Their Moral Status Essay

Subside Singer, writer of the profoundly worshipped book entitled ‘Animal Liberation’, created a serious ruckus when he discharged this book in 1975. Considered by some as the Bible of basic entitlements, the book expected to stop the maltreatment that a great deal of nonhuman creatures were encountering to the detriment of individuals. This would incorporate the utilization of creatures for experimentation, just as the utilization of creatures as a major aspect of our ordinary dinners. The book made it a point to underline the way that lion's share of the people are exploiting creatures, and treating them with dismiss and with no type of thought at all. Numerous individuals credited the adequacy of Singer’s book for the unexpected eruption of basic entitlements into the standard of issues encompassing society. Presumably, his perspectives on basic entitlements has had a critical impact before. Alex Pacheco helped discovered People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PeTA), in the wake of perusing Singer’s book. What's more, numerous individuals despite everything utilize his book as a kind of perspective while talking about the privileges of creatures (Internal Vegetation Union, 2006). All things being equal, Singer’s aptitudes as a courier can’t alone clarify how worry about the status and treatment of creatures has moved into the standard of open strategy conversations. Ace communicator however he be, the way of life must be prepared for his message. It had been set up by a few elements, among them the social liberties, harmony and women’s developments and the evident disappointment of science and innovation to convey completely on the entirety of their guarantees. Chernobyl, gaps in the ozone layer, pesticides in the evolved way of life, and the chance of an exciting modern lifestyle made by cloning and hereditary building have placed the doubt and dread of researchers into our aggregate hearts. Singer’s Animal Rights All things considered, Singer continues to underscore a great deal of his focuses in his book, with respect to why creature cold-bloodedness ought to be annulled from society. For a certain something, creatures and people, in spite of certain similitudes, are still so generally unique that it is futile to apply the outcomes that one would obtain from creature testing, and apply it to people. Beside that, both creature agony and its help by methods for sedation meddles with the trial results, however negates it also. Additionally, there are presently various options in contrast to creature inquire about, that wouldn’t include harming them in any capacity or structure. By doing creature explore, regardless of whether it is required or could be useful, it is still ethically wrong to dispense injury upon creatures, as they also tend to feel torment. Singer’s central matter of concern is that nonhuman creatures ought not be exposed to being dealt with so cruelly and without sympathy. It isn't to state that creatures ought to be treated as equivalents; rather, people ought not do to them what we wouldn’t do to our kindred species. In the event that a researcher would think of it as improper to probe another person, a similar estimation ought to be shared to creatures. In the event that it would be ethically unsatisfactory to utilize individuals as a wellspring of food, at that point why is eating creatures any extraordinary? Similarly as it isn't right to slaughter a kindred individual, so ought to be the situation with creatures too. Artist accepted that creatures ought not be â€Å"a implies towards our end†, and treat them as insignificant items which just exist to fulfill our own needs, and ought to be treated as individual living things (Lim, 2008). Singer’s philosophical perspectives hold a great deal of truth, as the maltreatment that a few creatures face because of crafted by people ought to be considered as ethically off-base. Creatures ought not be exposed to a wide range of logical tests, regardless of whether these researchers guarantee that this for more noteworthy's benefit. A few researchers would contend that the examinations they make on creatures would profit us, as their disclosures could make ready for a superior comprehension of life when all is said in done. Be that as it may, utilizing creatures as guineas pigs ought not be overlooked, particularly if the animals’s wellbeing and life is in parrel. Creatures ought not be hurt, period, regardless of what the conditions are. As far as protecting their lives, their privileges ought to be similarly as a high as any human’s. Repudiating Singer’s Arguments In spite of the fact that some of Singer’s contentions might be substantial, I can't state that I concur with a portion of his convictions. For example, in the set of all animals, when a predominant creature slaughters one of its prey and feeds it to its family, is that creature thought about a killer? Would it additionally be considered as, incidentally, brutal? Some would state that creatures execute different creatures as a component of their base insticts, as a need to take care of themselves so as to endure. Yet, on the off chance that people eat different creatures, shouldn’t it additionally be considered as the equivalent basic needs? Artist should seriously think about the idea of eating meat to be boisterous and wrong, however I tend to disagree. Since the very beginning, the soonest of people, being not as insightful as we are presently, had indistinguishable base impulses from some other creature. People, generally, are conceived as omnivores (Best, 1991). We can't resist on the off chance that we need to eat meat as opposed to simply organic products, vegetables and other common produce. So for somebody to debate that people ought not eat creatures is to conflict with our own human instinct and senses. Obviously, its wrong to eat a kindred individual. Be that as it may, how frequently have you seen some other creature eating its own sort, as well? All things considered, it’s not even about being a types of higher insight. Not even creatures of lower insight would do something like this. The point is,â eating another species is a piece of our common senses; not as people, however as normal conceived omnivores. What's more, to state that we are ethically off-base to eat something besides what develops on the ground is repudiate the idea of people, however the whole collective of animals too. We might be more wise than creatures, yet have indistinguishable base needs from creatures do, and to deny us of following that need would likewise be viewed as off-base. How at that point, do we go to a trade off? I accept that Singer had it right when he called attention to the maltreatment that creatures suffer when being utilized as guineas pigs for logical trials. This technique isn't just pointless, yet it ought to be considered as ethically off-base. The equivalent goes for sports chasing. The slaughtering of creatures ought not be done as a comfortable movement, as we would not do it against our individual man. As far as devouring different creatures as food, while I for one accept there ought as far as possible regarding picking what creatures can be thought of, it ought not be taken against the individuals who want to eat meat. We as omnivores have our own needs. in spite of the fact that not to state that we can’t get by without eating meat, it is still piece of our inclination to pine for it. Regarding ethics, people ought not be considered responsible for expending different creatures, as it is the thing that ties us with them. To close, basic entitlements have long approaches under the watchful eye of any permanet laws could be given that would be reasonable on the two sides. Despite the fact that Singer focuses on a great deal of significant focuses, one despite everything can't deny our own privileges, not as people however as a component of the hover of living animals.  References Best, Steven. Reasoning Under Fire: The Peter Singer Controversy (1991). Recovered 18 June  2008 from http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Saints/Authors/Interviews/Peterâ â â â %20Singerâ€summary.htm Lim, Alvin. On Peter Singer’s Ethics of Animal Liberation (2008). Recovered 18 June 2008  â â â â â â from http://chlim01.googlepages.com/singer.htm Educator Peter Singer (2006). Global Vegetation Union. Recovered 18 June 2008 from

So How Does It Feel

So How Does It Feel As the MIT EA deadline approached last year, I remember reading over my essays obsessively, fine-tuning my sentences, changing words, and asking others for advice. It got to the point where I nearly had my writing memorized, and I grew tired of seeing the same little letters in the same order as I opened the same word documents every day. So I spontaneously pushed submit. A week before the EA deadline. It felt good. But then, I found a spelling mistake. And nearly died of panic. After receiving repeated reassurances on College Confidential that my tiny error would not cause me to be instantly rejected from MIT, I calmed down slightly, went trick-or-treating for Halloween, and stalked the application tracker on myMIT. I couldnt sort out my thoughts; I felt anxious about my application, impatient for decisions, reluctant to do my other apps, doubtful of my prospects. There were nearly a dozen people applying from my school alone, and I couldnt help but think that compared to them, I didnt stand a chance. And now Im wondering To all of you who just clicked submit on your EA apps: what thoughts are racing through your minds? Do you feel exactly as I did? Let me know Just below Because thats where Your comments go ^ Check out my poetry skizzles :)

Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence - Free Essay Example

Introduction In 2017, 90% of the 1,873 domestic violence programs in the United States contributed to a survey conducted by the National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV). In this particular survey, NNEDV collected data over a 24-hour period from the participating organizations on September 17th of that year, compiling together the number and types of calls they received. The study found that over 72,000 victims in the United States were served in a single day (NNEDV, 2017). Coupled with this information is the fact that in a study verified by the United States Humane Society, upwards of 71% of domestic violence victims stated that their abuser lashed out at pets as well (The Humane Society, 2017). Considering that animal cruelty and domestic violence are pressing issues that are often intertwined with one another, there are a few observable links that exist between the two. Some of these links include having the MAOA gene, childhood trauma, heightened levels of testosterone, and societal pressures (I.e. toxic masculinity). In this paper, these links will be analyzed, and their likelihood as being potential indicators for physical violence will be determined. Given the fact that so many cases of domestic violence and animal cruelty go unreported every year, Link #1: MAOA-L The MAOA gene, colloquially referred to as the Warrior gene, is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. Dopamine is responsible for motor-function and releasing feel-good chemicals, while serotonin plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, and emotions. In individuals that have the low-activity variant of the MAOA gene, heightened aggression and impulsiveness have been observed (Cohen, 2018). This is due to the fact that the low-activity variant of the MAOA gene does not break down dopamine and serotonin as efficiently as it should. This inefficiency results in the neurotransmitters not being broken as quickly, resulting in irregularities in dopamine and serotonin levels that lead to the previously stated symptoms. That is not to say that everyone with the low-activity variant of the MAOA gene is prone to committing acts of violence, however.

Essay on A Peaceful Approach to Equality - 1461 Words

At the conclusion of the nineteenth century, an era referred to as the â€Å"redemption† period, the white population organized many revolts and riots against the black population (White, Bay, and Martin 2012, 398). These acts, for example, banned the black population from voting, forbid them from becoming educated, and threatened their safety and well-being (White, Bay, and Martin 2012). These racially driven uprisings, which where coordinated by the white population, continued into the twentieth century. However, following the First World War, the black American possessed â€Å"a keener and more sharply defined consciousness, not only of his duties as a citizen, but of his rights and privileges as a citizen of the United States† (Scott 1919).†¦show more content†¦In 1919, there were 76 reported lynchings, a rise from the 60 reported in 1918 and the 36 reported in 1917 (White, Bay, and Martin 2012, 502). The racial violence reached its pinnacle (and became a national crisis) in the summer of 1919, which became known as the Red Summer (White, Bay, and Martin 2012, 502). During this period, the Ku Klux Klan’s’ anti-black, violent, racial riots materialized in â€Å"twenty-five places† and took the lives of countless black Americans (White, Bay, and Martin 2012, 502). In addition to the violence perpetrated by the Ku Klux Klan, in 1917 the striking white workers of the Aluminum Ore Company in East St. Louis brutally attacked the black workers, who had filled their positions during the strike, for acting as â€Å"strike-breakers† and taking the privilege of work away from the white laborers (White, Bay, and Martin 2012, Du Bois and Gruening 1917). During the massacre, the whites mobs were â€Å"shooting through homes and setting fire to them† and dragging blacks out of cars and beating them â€Å"into insensibility† or death (Du Bois and Gruening 1917). While this abhorrent atrocity was occurring, the white policemen and soldiers did not interfere or offer any assistance to the blacks (and in some instances even participated in the killings and destruction)—the black population was left to try to protect themselves (Du Bois and Gruening 1917). Once theShow MoreRelatedThe Song Glory, By Music Artists Common And John Le gend1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthis combination that made the song a true inspiration for all human beings because it shed a light on the struggle for racial equality that African Americans have been pursuing for over a century now and also showed that the struggle is still ongoing and is far from over. The song Glory through its lyrics included several key moments in the struggle for racial equality for African Americans such as the Rosa Parks incident, Ferguson, MLK civil rights marches and through all of these events the commonRead MoreDifference Between Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X987 Words   |  4 Pagesequal in a society that thought otherwise. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent figures during the Civil Rights Era who died for equality and Freedom. While Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X fought towards the same goal in mind, they had drastically different approaches to get to a solution. King’s approach mainly focused on love and religion. He did not view love as a weakness like others may have. In fact, he believed that it took courage and strength to love. TheRead MoreA Peaceful and Charasmatic Leader, Martin Luther King Junior 600 Words   |  3 Pagesviolent approach, but upon research, it seems clear that the Martin Luther King Junior’s approach to the civil rights movement was most effective, because he was a powerful yet inspirational leader. Martin Luther King Junior was a charismatic leader, never using violence to put a stop to inequality. He followed the ways of Mahatma Ghandi, to which both of them were peaceful. Boycotts, protests, marches, that were effective, putting an end to racial discrimination. He proved that a peaceful approachRead More The Life And Times Of Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. lead many of the peaceful demonstrations protesting the segregation between blacks and whites. His peaceful approach to many of the obstacles in the way of integration was the most successful during that time period. Other more violent means of protest such as the efforts of Malcom X and whites protesting integration were considered less seriously and seen as a greater threat to society. Examples of Kings peaceful protesting against segregation were during theRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1194 Words   |  5 Pagesdemanding impatience from the African American community to achieve equality. In this paper I will be evaluating the stance that Dr. King takes on impatience by looking at Dr. King’s work as well as the work of Mahatma Gandhi, Greg Weiner, Philip Fisher, Lars Svendson, and Bauman Zygmunt. Through the evaluation of other positions on the importance of patience and impatience it will be shown how Dr. King is correct in his approach to democracy through impatience. In Dr. King’s book Why We Can’t WaitRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr., A Political Icon Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesracial equality, his faith in the ultimate triumph of justice, and his insistence on the power of nonviolent struggle to bring about a major transformation of American society- are as vital and timely as ever. Many seek a leader that can provide assurance to their lives. Martin Luther Kings dream became that beacon of hope to African Americans and everyone seeking equality and justice. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. inspired people throughout the world to strive for the ideals of equality and non-violence;Read MoreNo American Dream for Some747 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King believed in reaching African-American equality in the most peaceful way possible. â€Å"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that† was once said by king in one of his many speeches. King’s inspiration for his non-violent activism was because of Mahatma Ghandi’s successful teachings. King traveled to India, which deepened his understanding in peaceful activism. Martin Luther King’s speeches were truly inspirationalRead MoreCompare the Philosophies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X976 Words   |  4 Pagesstyles they followed were completely different from each other. While one followed non-violence, peaceful way for bringing racial harmony, the other encouraged his followers to rise up and protest against white enemies. King inspired people to follow the peaceful and way to fetch the rights and equality within the black community, whereas Malcolm X believed that peaceful demonstration and arguments is nothing but only a tick by the whites to keep blacks in their placesRead MoreFeminist Theory And International Human Rights786 Words   |  4 Pagesis drawing attention to the gap between theory and praxis. She discusses how feminism has changed throughout the last 50 years . The United Nations is informed by the contemporary liberal feminist movement. When you treat power as a property, the approach ignores the differences of status and power. The moto some st important thing to get from this is that is assumes that people of a marginalized group can gain access to some sources of power, the entire group has the same access. She says that improvementsRead MoreComparing Martin Luther King And Malcolm X917 Words   |  4 Pagestook a different approach to civil rights when he was imprisoned for a string of burglaries in Boston. In jail, he embraced Islam and converted. Malcolm X appreciated the egalitarian nature of Islam; regardless of class or color, everyone was eq ual in Allah s eyes (X, et al, 155). Because he did not see this happening in America, he took a different approach to civil rights. He believed in getting civil rights by any means necessary; to defend yourself, and to fight for equality, Malcolm X believed

What Does a Downward Shift in the Supply Curve Mean

The Effects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse On People, Families,...

This research paper will explain why alcohol and drug abuse have a negative impact on people, families, friends and society. The abuse of alcohol and drugs knows no boundaries, it does not discriminate. It affects rich and poor, black and white, young and old. Many people don’t consider alcohol as a drug since it is â€Å"legal† after age 21, but in reality it is one of the most addictive â€Å"legal† substances on the planet. They don’t realize that they have a problem when in reality what they have is an addiction. Alcohol isn’t the only substance one can get an addiction to another example of illegal and legal substances are drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, and tobacco, etc... I will explain the impact on the person, family, friends, and society that drug and alcohol abuse have both positive, if any, and definite negative effects. I chose alcohol and drug abuse because it interests me and I believe this is a serious and defini te problem that affects not only the United States, but the whole world. There are also many known facts that this has been an ongoing problem for many centuries and has affected people worldwide. This affects many people who are addicted and their loved ones whom are emotionally, physically, and economically drained. People that have an addiction to either drugs or alcohol will do whatever it takes to get the money necessary to supply their addiction and get their daily fix. My family had to go through this situation so I know how itShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism : A Growing Problem1468 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing problem in today s society. What is alcoholism? Is it a disease? What are the causes of it? What toll does alcohol abuse have on individuals? American society? American economy? What kind of treatments are available to reduce/cure alcoholism? What is alcoholism? Alcoholism is a physical or psychological need for an alcoholic beverage, which is taken for non-medical reasons and produces a noticeable effect on the body (Sheen 93). People develop the need for alcohol for many different reasonsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drug Abuse1228 Words   |  5 PagesToday, drug abuse has become a controversial subject where various individuals have different views. Substance abuse is a substantial dilemma among people and easily spread in schools, work environments, and even in homes. Drug abuse starts in utterly reasons, but can begin in adolescence with peer pressure or friends using them, family environment that has violent, physical, or emotional abuse, and inherited genetics with mental health conditions as depression, anxiety, or ADHD (National InstituteRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent substance abuse is one of the largest issues faced by our society today. According to Teenrehab.com, nearly 50% of all high school seniors have abused some form of illicit substance and according to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every yea r. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response:Read MoreDrug And Alcohol Abuse Has Been Rife1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdecades, drug and alcohol abuse has been rife. They are a huge problem in our society. Not only has the drug problem increased, but many drug related problems are rising as well. Men, women, and children are becoming addicted to illicit substances because they are too available to them. Billions of dollars are spent to aid the prevention of drug abuse, to treat addicts, and to fight the war on drugs. This is a very combative problem, the more it’s fought, the more it fights back. Drugs and alcohol notRead MoreThe Signs Of Addiction And Addiction898 Words   |  4 Pages Families can do different things that can help with addiction. According to Alcohol and Drug Abuse Affects Everyone in the Family (2015), families can learn the facts about drugs and addiction so they can know what to expect. The family needs to make sure they get help for themselves other than getting help for the addicte d person, but also learn what they can do to help the addicted family member. They would maybe need to get a family intervention and always look for a long term recovery. The familyRead MoreEssay on Burn the Fuse of Drug Abuse667 Words   |  3 PagesAddiction and abuse of drugs have remained an unexplainable circumstance, even till today. A mistaken assumption is that drug abusers lack moral principles, and if given a chance or in the presence of will power, their selections could be altered. In reality, drug addiction is known as a complex disease and requires more than will power or mere good intentions to change. Due to the fact that drug addiction could change the way the brain works, with time, the brain promotes compulsive drug abuse. It is difficultRead MoreEssay about Views on Alcohol and Drug Abuse733 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol and drug abuse among the youth and the adult population is a growing social problem in the United States. The teenage population is very influe ntial to when around its peers. With peer pressure and social roles, teens tend to try and be like the person they look up to, and will do just about anything to look and seem cool in an effort to fit in. Adults tend to turn to alcohol and drugs due to life experiences, such as getting laid off of a job,a death of a family member or friend, or simplyRead MoreAlcohol and Drug Abuse1722 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drug Addiction Samara Kitchens COM/156 Instructor: Sunday, May 19, 2013 There was a missing person report across the news today, my co-worker stated. I never paid any attention to it; I went on about my day as if everything was fine. When I arrived at home I had severalRead More Drug Abuse in the United States Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Abuse in the United States of America In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the userand all those with whom the user

The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay - 913 Words

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States of America. He was elected into presidency on November 6, 1860. Many of the southern states were unsupportive of Lincoln becoming president because he had run on an anti-slavery platform. Lincoln being elected into presidency caused states such as South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas to split from the Union. In his inaugural address Lincoln proclaimed it was his duty to maintain the Union; a month later the Civil War began. Although Lincoln did many great things for our country, his vital role in the Civil War is what most likely lead to his assassination. Many people believe that the main reason for the Civil War was to end slavery.†¦show more content†¦However, the Emancipation Proclamation did not free all slaves in the United States. It declared that only slaves living in states not under Union control be free. This officially changed the purpose of the Civil War. The Nort h was no longer only fighting to preserve the Union but also to end slavery. The Civil War continued for the next four years, ending on April 9, 1865. Legal freedom for all slaves did not come until the final passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in December of 1865. President Lincoln was a strong supporter of the Thirteenth Amendment; however, he was assassinated before its final presentation. It was on April 14, 1865 that Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Lincoln went to see a play with his wife at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. During the play a man by the name of John Wilkes Booth snuck in and up the steps that lead to the balcony where Lincoln was sitting. He waited until there was a part in the play for the crowd to make noise and it was then that he shot President Lincoln in the back of his head. It is said that after shooting Lincoln in the back of the head, Booth jumped onto the stage from the balcony where Lincoln was sitting and shouted, â€Å"Sic semper tyrannis ! (Ever thus to tyrants!) The South is avenged† and fled on horseback (history.com). Lincoln died the next morning. John Wilkes Booth was born in Maryland and remained in the North during the Civil War. However, he sympathized for the Southern Confederate states.Show MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln861 Words   |  4 PagesAppomattox Courthouse, one of America s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was shot and killed by a man named John Wilkes Booth. Specifically, John Wilkes Booth was an American play actor and a big sympathiser for the Confederacy. Booth was well known for his hatred towards the President and his crazy ideas and motives, which lead to the killing of Lincoln. Many conspiracies and theories today believed the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was handled by John Wilkes alone, but other conspiracies believedRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1064 Words   |  5 PagesColin Shafer Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth did not like Abraham Lincoln and was responsible for the President’s death. Abraham Lincoln was born in Harden County, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1818, his mother died while he was just nine yearsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1535 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Cardenas Ritmann History 2B October 16, 2015 The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln On April 14, 1865 at twelve o’ clock midnight John Wilkes Booth lay in his bed at the National Hotel. Three days earlier he had attended a speech given by President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. The civil war had commenced just two days earlier and the crowd was jubilant. When Lincoln concluded his speech with the the acknowledgment of black suffrage, Booth became incensed and declared that â€Å"Now byRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln511 Words   |  2 PagesThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln occurred on April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C. Lincoln was watching the play â€Å"Our American Cousin† at Ford’s Theatre located in Washington D.C. John Wilkes Booth entered the theatre during the play and shot and killed President Lincoln. This tragic event changed history. President Lincoln was the President of the United States during the time of slavery. He was also the president during the Civil War. Lincoln wantedRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sic Semper tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a tragic event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words would make a comeback during another Am erican tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most notorious school shootingsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sic Semper Tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a devastating event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words became a part of another American tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most infamous school shootingsRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that oc curred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesorphaned child-to do all which may be achieved and cherished a just and a lasting peace among ourselves, and with all other nations†-Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (Great Documents of America 19). Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States and perhaps one of the most hated presidents that ever served, this hatred for president Lincoln came from his options and actions regarding the nation’s conflict at the time; the Civil War, this came after the succession of fourteenRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbe the same today if Abraham Lincoln was never assassinated on the unfortunate night of April 14, 1865. His killer, John Wilkes Booth, had a strong resent for the Union that subsequently caused a dramatic shift in history. This hatred was caused by many factors, such as his background and where he grew up, his lust for power and fame, and his mental illness. John Wilkes Booth, a master assassinator and conspirator, hoped to strengthen the confederacy by killing Abraham Lincoln. However, this murderRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Assassination Of President1176 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth was one of those people and was the man responsible for the Presidents death. The following is about Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth, Booth’s plan for Lincoln, the President’s assassination, Booth’s capture and how it affected history. Abraham Lincoln was born

You Only Live Once Free Essays

Everybody these days say, â€Å"You only live once† but have you ever taken the time to look at why? Kids, teenagers, and a few adults that live by the modern terms pursue their actions upon this saying. Each individual is different, we all think differently based upon what we do, how we were raised, the culture were brought up in, and other factors that relate to an individual’s life. Not everyone is going to think why we live once or if we live once do we get an after life? Some cultures actually believe in re-birth but that is a different subject. We will write a custom essay sample on You Only Live Once or any similar topic only for you Order Now My opinion toward this question is based on my beliefs and the actions that I have taken to achieve to this mental status. I believe we all live once to attain a successful endeavor that not only provides the necessities for yourself but can facilitate to those that are near you. Mistakes are bound to happen when pursuing this successful role toward â€Å"only living once† but knowing the difference between knowing if a mistake will happen and having a mistake happen during your actions that take place is different.For example you could be studying for an exam in math and English but decided to study for math because you assume you will do more poorly at it than English because you have always been average in Math and English is not a problem, so as test day comes and you take the math test you seem to not have a problem but as you took the English exam you take longer because you had not equally balanced the study time and had not focused on what the exam was really going to be so you did poorly on the subject you thought you’d do well in, that is a mistake that was not done without knowing.An example of just knowing the mistake is when your hanging out with your group of friends and your offered a substance you are not suppose to abuse and ha ve thought about a wrong factor that may interfere with your actions if you follow the steps of your peers but even as that thought came across you do it anyways leading you to get in trouble by the authorities an revealing the mistake you knew that would happen.Knowing the difference between the two is crucial because depending upon the situation and how the mistake was approached your more than likely to learn from it, making yourself a better person and achieving your endeavor. But having a repetition of the same mistakes leads nowhere and keeps you in the same spot having success that lied in your hands be in someone who well deserves it. No doubt you may live once whether you make the simplest istake or not but living in happiness is the key to fortune and success. Think about life being as one and making the best of what you have leads to many good things so even if you think about â€Å"you only live life once† think about how you would like to live it. Think about what success means to you and be fortunate to those that reside by you because smart decisions will be well put off in the near future as life is a growing process. How to cite You Only Live Once, Papers

Certifications and Benefit Corporation Statutes †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Certifications and Benefit Corporation Statutes. Answer: Introduction Tom Shoes which is well recognized as TOMS is a for profit organisation which is established in California, The United States in the year 2006 by the efforts of Blake Mycoskie. The organisation is also considered as a good example of a social enterprise as its purpose of existence is not only profit making but also to help the societies and the communities to develop and grow. There are basically five primary products that comprises of handbags, apparel, coffee, eyewear and shows that are typically based on the design of Argentine alpargata. The key social objective of TOMS is to help the society by its social work such as whenever the organisation sells a pair of shoes, at the same time a new pair of shoes is offered to an impoverished child free of cost and when an eyewear is sold, the profit attained from that is used for restoring the eyesight of the individuals in the developing nations. In the year 2014, the organisation has launched TOMS Roasting Co. and where the social activ ity associated is supplying 140 litres of safe water to the people who are in need of it in respect with each purchase of TOMS Roasting Co. coffee. In the year 2015, the organisation launched the bag collection which was primarily launched for having a contribution in the maternal health advancements. With the purchase of TOMS bags, there is distribution of birth kits to the women for having a better and improved practice of safe childbirth (Toms, 2017). There is a need of marketing plan for the product and activities of the social enterprise can add value to the organisation and the report will present some key aspects of the marketing plan which will help in delivering high value to the enterprise. Macro Environment Analyses There is a need to expand the products of TOMS so that more number of individuals can be the targeted customers and increase level of social development and social progress of the organisation. For this, there is a need to understand the untapped markets of The United States by the means of PEST analysis: There is vast attention drawn from the several organisations to the social enterprises such as the government organisation, the non-government companies and the advocacy groups. Due to huge size of the retail sector as well as a significant aspect of the economy and social welfare, there are several discussions that occur due to future and present state of the social enterprise and the retail sector on the global basis. The numerous political aspects that affects the performance of TOMS comprises of the subsidies offered, legislations for the business activities, overseas competition and policies and procedures (Noori, Kucukvar Tatari, 2015). The retail industry and the socially recognized organisations of The United States are somewhat at a high level of risk because of the fact that there is a need of high amount of capital, considerable strategic management and customer and community satisfaction (Lawn, et al., 2012). There are several economic aspects that impact the business operations of TOMS such as increased currency rates, trade cycles, competition with overseas countries, market season ability, competitive rivalry and mergers and acquisitions (Radojevic Bashkin, 2007). There is increased concern of the individuals over purchasing products and services from those organisations that are high in social responsiveness and responsibility. Therefore, it is a beneficial aspect for TOMS to perform business as a social enterprise to attract more number of consumers and as a result help the societies to get developed with a rapid rate. There are numerous practices of TOMS which are socially recognized and are vital in offering support to the organisation (Visser Tolhurst, 2010). The United States is one of the leading countries in retail sector as the retail industry is booming and developing with a sound and upsurge rate. The products and the services of the organisations are completely technologically developed and extremely techno savvy. There is integration of technology and operational efficiency that promotes the productivity of the organisations. The use of technology is also widening in the social enterprises for the purpose of social development as well as profit generation (Gambacorta, Hofmann Peersman, 2014). Macro environmental actors In the present scenario, the number of organisation who perform both profit for business and social good are increasing because of the fact that the customers also want to purchase from such socially responsible companies and thus the competition is also growing in this field too. There are few competitors both at domestic and international level that also perform similar things i.e. the development of the society through their business operations. It also comprises of competitors such as the NPOs, NGOs, the government organisation and other business organisations such as Teach for America, Newmans Own, Comic Relief, etc. All such social enterprises are doing well and have strong customer base too so that they can help the societies to get boost and developed. These macro environmental actors i.e. the competitors have a direct impact on the value creation, communication and delivery of the products of TOMS. In terms of value creation, the societal values created by these actors are c ompared with atht of TOMS and the one who generates more value is considered as more socially responsible. Thus, it targets the organisation to deliver increased value to the society as well as the customers (Doherty, Haugh Lyon, 2014). At the same time, the organisation is also required to have improved communication with the customers so that they can retain and have reliable association with the company otherwise such actors fetches the attention of the customers. And in terms of delivery, the impact of macro environmental factors can be realised as the organisation is required to perform the social good and development as soon as possible because of the fact that due to increased competition the reliability is proved by the means of delivery and outcomes only. Thus, the increased competition poses few threats for the enterprise and its long-term sustainability (Murray, 2012). Business performance analysis The business performance of TOMS can b e assessed and analysed as the company has offered 35 million pairs of shoes since its established i.e. by 2006. With a social purpose, the enterprise is successful enough in performing and operation a social business (Anderson, 2015). The organisation gives the shoes in around 60 nations and has an alliance with 100 NGOs that distribute these shoes to the needed ones. Presently the organisation has more than 550 employees who are serving in five different product lines and achieving the objectives of social development (Lebowitz, 2016). The organisation is one of the leading enterprises who have achieved balancing in performing profit with purpose. The business performance and the expansion and development of the enterprise can be realised as from $25,000 to $250,000 it has invested as its social entrepreneurship fund for the development of the societies. Thus, the organisation is one of the most recognized and leading example of social enterpr ise across the world (Buchanan, 2016). SWOT analysis Enterprises such as TOMS possesses some specific strengths such as they have huge subsidies and grants from the organisations, institutes and government as they are primarily working for a social cause. Strength of the organisation is that it is highly socially responsible which enhances the brand visibility and recognition of the enterprise in the customers eyes. Other few strengths of TOMS comprises of significant presence in few regions of The United States, reliable customer base and strong communal support. There is also appropriate support of the stakeholders because of increased profit generation (Toms, 2017). Organisations such as TOMS barely cover their expenditures by the means of profits. The organisation has its key emphasis on the satisfaction of the consumers and the development of the society. Thus, the profits and revenues suffer and this is a prime weakness of the enterprise. There are vast opportunities for TOMS to have more partnership, expansions and have grants from the institutes and government organisations. The organisation can enjoy the alliances and can extend the reach of the products and services and as a result there can be increased level of societal development as well as profits. There is a threat of economic crisis as well as also having increased customer bases in such a competitive era is very much difficult for the organisation. Thus, there is threat that whether appropriate funds would be arranged or not for the accomplishment of the social cause or not (Anderson, 2015). Segmentation and target market analysis The complete market is segmented on the basis of four specific market segments. The segmentation of the market helps in effective target marketing and framing of adequate strategise to target the market band generate sales for the products and services. On the basis of geographical segmentation, presently the reach of TOMS products is basically in California only and there is a vast need that few other regions of the United States must also target by the enterprise so that there can be increased reach of the products and higher level of societal support can be offered to the communal. Thus, geographically the market must be segmented by tapping the more untapped regions and also the one which are considered as good and crowded locations (Brown Wyatt, 2010). On the basis of demographic segmentation, both males and females member of the societies are equally targeted as there are products for bother of them such bas apparel, shoes, eyewear and from the handbags range the primary market segmentation will be done of the basis of women. As well as from the age perspective, the markets are segmented atht covers mostly the individuals from age group 20 to 50 as they have high purchasing power as well as increased demand or such products (Defourny Nyssens, 2012). On the basis of psychographic segmentation, there covers those people that are much involved in social activities and have high purchasing power. Such group of people are more likely to be the potential customers as they have a tendency to purchase things and get associated to those organisations that are working for a social cause too in addition to their commercial business. On the basis of behavioural segmentation, the market segment is on the basis of loyalty and reliability as there are the customers who are evidently associated with the brand and the products of the enterprise. As well as the market is also segmented by the means of buyer readiness as these customers have an intention to buy products by having a concern regarding the social cause associated with each buying (Bull, et al., 2010). For targeting the potential customers and the market, the enterprise will offer its products by the means of differentiation as there is also a social cause associated with the selling of the products which so not there in other organisations, thus the markets will be targeted by the means of offering the significance of fulfilling social responsibility through the purchase of the customers (Lee Kotler, 2011). Marketing objectives The financial objectives of the enterprise is to have increased revenue and profit generation for the stakeholders by the means of increased customer base and selling of the products so that the stakeholders continue with their purpose of social development as well as also have funds to manage the commercial business of the organisation (Pirson, 2012). The organisation wants to increase its sales from twenty percent by the means of this marketing plan of having further expansion in the untapped regions of the United States (Luke, Barraket Eversole, 2013). The non-financial objectives of the organisation behind developing this marketing plan is to have increased societal growth and developments by the means of offering help to more number of individuals through water supply, funds, shoes and other monetary and non-monetary offerings. The organisation also wants to reach the developing nations and help them in various ways as a social enterprise for their progress and growth (Pirson Lawrence, 2010. SMART principle A SMART principle or marketing objective can be used for as the blueprint for attaining high level of efficiency in the marketing plan developed for the organisation. In link with the situational analysis of TOMS following is the SMART principle or marketing approach of the enterprise: The specific or particular marketing objective of the plan is to enhance the social development as well as the growth of the societies through increased customer base and expansion in the untapped regions of the nation. The success of the marketing plan is measurable in nature as it can be evidently measured through the increased customer base, enhanced sales, increase demand for products, more number of alliances and high societal development. All these aspects measure the efficiency of the marketing plan. The marketing objectives are achievable in nature as there can be extended the roots of the organisation in the rest part of the United States also. By having expansion and increased customer base, the objective of achieving more funds for the development of the societies can also be achieved with a faster rate (Grassl, et al., 2012). The marketing objective or principle is realistic in nature as they can be achieved by the organisation as TOMS possess the strength to have expansion and get more number of customers associated with it and perform social good. The marketing plan has a proper and scheduled beginning as well as ending. The marketing plan developed for TOMS have a proper timeline of the activities as it has present opportunities to grow and extend its customer base in a given time frame and also achieve social development of the societies through its expansion in a given timeframe (Sakarya, et al., 2012). Marketing strategy and programs The product is the various products of Toms which need extended customer bases such as the shoes, bags, eyewear, apparel, etc. These are the products that also generate funds for the developed of the societies such as impoverished children, poor people, women, etc. With each purchase of the products and the profit earned by the organisation with the selling of some of the products, it can help such groups of masses with that money for their development and progress and have social good (Nwankwo Gbadamosi, 2010). The prices of the products are affordable in nature and can be purchased by the individuals who are middle as well as upper class. There are also available products which are offered at discounted prices when people buy them in a good number of quantities. The place targeted is the domestic nation only i.e. the United States but the various untapped regions of the country where it has low significance and where the enterprise does not have a reach. There will be more number of stores of the enterprise at some of the most crowded and happening locations so that more number of customers get be attracted to purchase products (Mitchell, Madill Chreim, 2015). For the promotion of the organisation and its products, there will be used few key promotional tools such as firstly one of the most powerful promotional tool i.e. the social media. It is one of the prime source through which advertisement of the social enterprise can be performed and gather the attention of the potential customers such as by means of social sites and platforms. Another tool will be posters, hoardings, emails, television advertisements, personal selling and word of mouth. One more key promotional tool can be association with other organisations that work for social good so that more number of alliances can be formed and the brand visibility can be increased (Fourali, 2010). The people associated are the employees as well as the volunteers that work for the enterprise. The organisation works both for commercial as well as societal benefit and thus there are people who have their reliable association with the organisations. They help in offering monetary and financial support the needed people (Mitchell, 2011). The enterprise wants to expand its services through having more number of stores in some of the most renowned and best places of the United States only. If the store will be opened at the crowded and a place where there is a shopping mall or any hub for people where they regularly visit then it will be a point of attraction for them. There will also be uploaded the videos and photos of people who have received helped from the enterprise and have achieved a good an better life. Such ambience and physical evidence will help in increasing their interest for buying products from TOMS as it is a social good too (Ginevi?ius, Podvezko Ginevi?ius, 2012). The process involved is the manufacturing of those products and selling them at a price which can both perform a commercial business as well as help in achieving the social and ethical objective as planned. With every purchase of a shoe or an eyewear automatically with an integrated process same amount is used for the betterment of the individuals who require help (Mitchell, 2011). Conclusion The organisations are required to perform both entrepreneurial good as well as social good for having a recognized social presence and long terms sustainability. From this report, it can be concluded that if ROMS as a social enterprise expands in reach in the untapped regions than it can increase its customer base as well as also extend the reach of its social good and communal developed through the money earned from upsurge sales. Thus, it can be stated that the marketing plan for TOMS can be well executed and give positive results if it is performed with utmost effectiveness and efficiencies and by targeting the correct set of customers. It is recommended that the organisations must fulfil their social responsibilities by the means of giving some amount of share of their profits for the development of the societies as well as it should also take good use of the promotional tools so that more number of customers can have a reliable association with the enterprise. References Anderson, E., (2015). How Toms made hundreds of millions of dollars by giving shoes away, Retrieved on: 12th August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/enterprise/11580387/How-Toms-made-hundreds-of-millions-of-dollars-by-giving-shoes-away.html Brown, T., Wyatt, J. (2010). Design thinking for social innovation IDEO.Development Outreach,12(1), 29-31. Buchanan, L., (2016). What's Next for Toms, the $400 Million For-Profit Built on Karmic Capital, Retrieved on: 12th August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.inc.com/magazine/201605/leigh-buchanan/toms-founder-blake-mycoskie-social-entrepreneurship.html Bull, M., Ridley-Duff, R., Foster, D., Seanor, P. (2010). Conceptualising ethical capital in social enterprise.Social Enterprise Journal,6(3), 250-264. Defourny, J., Nyssens, M. (2012). The EMES Approach of Social Enterprises in a Comparative Perspective. Doherty, B., Haugh, H., Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,16(4), 417-436. Fourali, C. (2010). Social marketing.Education and Social Change: Connecting Local and Global Perspectives, 79. Gambacorta, L., Hofmann, B., Peersman, G. (2014). The effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy at the zero lower bound: A cross?country analysis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,46(4), 615-642. Ginevi?ius, R., Podvezko, V., Ginevi?ius, A. (2012, May). Determining the effectiveness of enterprise marketing based on the 4Ps model. InProceedings of the 7th International Scientific Conference on Business and Management(pp. 10-11). Grassl, W. (2012). Business models of social enterprise: A design approach to hybridity.ACRN Journal of entrepreneurship Perspectives,1(1), 37-60. Lawn, J. E., Kinney, M. V., Black, R. E., Pitt, C., Cousens, S., Kerber, K., ... Oestergaard, M. Z. (2012). Newborn survival: a multi-country analysis of a decade of change.Health policy and planning,27(suppl_3), iii6-iii28. Lebowitz, S., (2016). The founder of TOMS Shoes talks growing a business, social entrepreneurship, and balancing profit with purpose, Retrieved on: 12th August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.in/The-founder-of-TOMS-Shoes-talks-growing-a-business-social-entrepreneurship-and-balancing-profit-with-purpose/articleshow/52766721.cms Lee, N. R., Kotler, P. (2011).Social marketing: Influencing behaviors for good. Sage. Luke, B., Barraket, J., Eversole, R. (2013). Measurement as legitimacy versus legitimacy of measures: Performance evaluation of social enterprise.Qualitative Research in Accounting Management,10(3/4), 234-258. Mitchell, A. (2011).Marketing Strategy in Social Enterprises: An Exploratory Study. University of Ottawa (Canada). Mitchell, A., Madill, J., Chreim, S. (2015). Marketing and social enterprises: implications for social marketing.Journal of Social Marketing,5(4), 285-306. Murray, J. (2012). Choose Your Own Master: Social Enterprise, Certifications and Benefit Corporation Statutes.Certifications and Benefit Corporation Statutes. Noori, M., Kucukvar, M., Tatari, O. (2015). A macro-level decision analysis of wind power as a solution for sustainable energy in the USA.International Journal of Sustainable Energy,34(10), 629-644. Nwankwo, S., Gbadamosi, T. (Eds.). (2010).Entrepreneurship marketing: principles and practice of SME marketing. Routledge. Pirson, M. (2012). Social entrepreneurs as the paragons of shared value creation? A critical perspective.Social Enterprise Journal,8(1), 31-48. Pirson, M. A., Lawrence, P. R. (2010). Humanism in businesstowards a paradigm shift?.Journal of Business Ethics,93(4), 553-565. Radojevic, M., Bashkin, V. (2007).Practical environmental analysis. Royal society of chemistry. Sakarya, S., Bodur, M., Yildirim-ktem, ., Selekler-Gksen, N. (2012). Social alliances: Business and social enterprise collaboration for social transformation.Journal of Business Research,65(12), 1710-1720. Toms, (2017). About Toms, Retrieved on: 12th August, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.toms.com/about-toms#corporateResponsibility Visser, W., Tolhurst, N. (Eds.). (2010).The world guide to CSR: A country-by-country analysis of corporate sustainability and responsibility. Greenleaf Publishing.

Recommendations and Scope for Further Research free essay sample

This research was broad based, involving multi dimensional study of all possible factors influencing the Personal Market in general and Small Car Market in particular. There are very important findings related to influence of socio-economic issues of Indian middle class, infrastructural issues like development of roads, government policies, price and cost of running and maintaining the car etc. Performance of Tata Motors Nano car, which is the smallest car, in the small car segment, and was positioned to meet the requirement of a spatial segment of Indian buyer was also studied extensively. 6. 1 Findings and Conclusions Major findings and conclusions drawn from the study are listed below -1. 71 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards low engine capacity cars to get higher fuel efficiency. It shows that in future only cars giving higher fuel efficiency will be preferred by Indian consumers. . 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward small cars as due to increased traffic and congestion on roads. We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendations and Scope for Further Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As vehicle population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing narrow, it can be concluded that small cars will prove sustainable in the future. 3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards small cars due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in number of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem. Parking of small cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small cars. 210 4. In recent past car manufacturers have launched a number of models of small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car owners can now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent of respondents have expressed their happiness due to this reason endorsed the purchase of small car. 5. In India still personal disposable income of majority of respondent is not so high that they can afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 6. In India due to increase in literacy rate and also desire to lead a comfortable life have induced the people to observe small family norm, which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of choice people is, therefore, shifting towards small cars. 0 percent of total respondents have expressed the view that small car is good for them as they have small family. 7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their door for the repair of the same. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in employment is increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their agreement to the fact that increased women employment has boost the sale of small cars. As this trend is going to persist, the future of small car is bright. 9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities have led to many two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. 10. In past few years urban as well as rural affluence has increased. This has boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 211 ars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban population has boost the market of small cars in India. 11. In past one decade a phenomenon improvement has taken place in the road network. This has induced the sale of small cars in India. 81 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that improved conditions of roads even in small cities have led to increase in demand of small cars. 12. Government of India has formulated such policies which stimulate the sale of small cars. 2 percent of total respondents are of the opinion that favorable government policy has boost the sale of small cars. 13. Price of the cars as well cost of spares, parts and component also govern the choice of a car. Normally price of small cars as well cost of spares, parts and components are comparatively low and affordable. Therefore, people prefer to buy small cars. This fact was endorsed by 74 percent of the total respondents. Thus it appears that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian market. 14. The cost of repair and maintenance is comparatively very low in case of small cars. This also remains one of the considerations in forming the decision to buy a car. 83 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that lower cost of repair and maintenance has influenced their decision to buy a small car. 15. Government levies taxes on small cars by low rate and rate of insurance of small cars is also very low as compare to big cars which are higher priced, therefore large number of people opts for purchase of small cars. A majority (68%) of the respondents have shown their agreement towards this. 16. About 3/4th of the total respondents are of the opinion that small cars are still preferred choice of Indian consumers therefore, it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian car market. 17. 77 percent of the respondents are of the opinion that constantly rising costs of inputs and fuel prices will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 18. Small cars prove sufficient to meet the family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class. 212 This fact was endorsed by 82 percent of the total respondents. Therefore it can be concluded safely that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 19. Over the years a status consciousness has developed among Indian middle class and to fulfill this need they prefer to buy small car as most of them can not afford to buy a big car. Therefore, small cars remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 82 percent of the total respondents have endorsed this view and therefore it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian automobile sector. 20. Indian middle class consumer is buying a car for either as a necessity or for comfort. The financial constraint therefore does not permit him to have the luxury of expensive, out of reach big cars. 82 percent of the total respondents of this study are of the same opinion. Looking to large base of middle class population in India, it can safely be concluded that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 21. Parking of cars at residence is proving a difficult proposition now-a-days. Indian middle class resides normally in compact houses, parking space is in these houses is limited or non existent. In such conditions Indian middle class finds it is more comfortable with small cars. 83 percent of the total respondents acknowledged this fact and endorsed that the parking convenience at residence induces middle class to buy a small car. Thus it is concluded that small car will be sustainable in Indian car market. 22. Family and peer pressure often plays an important role in making buying decision of a vehicle . In case of Indian middle class this pressure induces them to buy small car. 68 percent of the total respondents were of the opinion that this pressure nduces the Indian middle class to buy the small cars. Therefore, small cars will remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 213 23. Working women in general and from middle class in particular prefer to buy a small car due to driving and parking comforts offered by such cars. Therefore, small car is a preferred choice of Indian Middle class working women. About 84 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. As the number of middle class women employees is on increase continuously, it can be concluded that small cars will sustain in the Indian automobile sector. 4. The focus of current middle class families is more on spending and enjoying life. Their personal disposable income has also increased substantially. The desire to lead a conferrable life is motivating them to buy a car, and with the financial constraint more then often it is small car. Therefore, popularity of small cars is increasing. 80 percent of respondents have shown their agreement that desire to lead comfortable life among middle class will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 25. Of late Indian middle class has become status conscious. One of the simple ways to exhibit the status consciousness is to buy a car. Therefore, more and more middle class people are embarking upon the decision to buy a car. This fact is going to contribute to the sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. 83 percent of the total surveyed respondents have expressed their agreement to this. 26. Number of middle class people is on continuous increasing in Indian, since small car is a preferred choice of this segment, it can be concluded that small car will sustain in Indian market. This view has been endorsed by 81 percent of the total respondents. 7. A very small car launched by Tata Motors is not sustainable in Indian automobile sector as 82 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion against Nano it is perceived as not safe and stable. 28. Tata Motors Nano is not preferred by Indian consumers in spite of being low price and more fuel efficient, as almost 97 percent of the respondents have 214 expressed their agre ement to this. Thus price of car and fuel efficiency of it, are not only the factors taken into consideration by Indian consumers while making purchase decision for cars. Their decisions are governed by other factors also like safety, features, driving comfort, status, convenience, etc. 29. Nano is not even preferred by Indian consumers as suitable for â€Å"† Only for City use† car.. 91 percent of the respondents have expressed this view. 30. Nano is not a preferred choice of Indian consumers, neither as a first car nor as a second or additional car. 88 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as a first car and 93 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as second or additional car. 31. Tata Motors Nano car was positioned as a better alternative for two wheeler. However those who are using two wheelers for their personal and family use and can afford to buy at least a small car are also having hesitation in buying Nano. 93 percent of the respondents have that they would not like Nano to take out their family instead of scooter or a motor bike. Thus it can be concluded that Tata Motors Nano has lost it’s initial charm and hype created in Indian car market. 32 Out of the total surveyed respondents (1500) , 1271 respondents have acknowledged that they are using small car ,remaining of respondents said they are not using a small car. This implies that Indian car market scene is still dominated by small car. 33. 79 percent of the respondents those using small car have expressed their satisfaction with a small car. Remaining 21 percent of respondents were not satisfied by with the small car. This very high satisfaction level with the users, is clear indication of sustainability of small car in Indian market. 34. 83 percent of the total respondents have acknowledged that they would like to recommend the car currently being used by them to the prospective buyers. This again shows that most of the car users are satisfied with their 215 present car, whether big or small, and they would like to recommend the same to the prospective buyers. This study has already established the fact that the sale of small car is dominating, this response further support the sustainability of small car in Indian market. 35. This study also reveals that 73 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion that small car will be the preferred choice of Indian Middle Class and will sustain in Indian car market. 6. For this study the questionnaire was so designed to get a clear idea about the preferences, choices, socio- economic issues, financial constraints, influencing factor of government actions and policies, consumer profiles etc. Since the study covers interest of all stake holders of Indian automobile sector, the recommendations are grouped under the following†¢ Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures. †¢ Recommendations fo r auto finance organizations. †¢ Recommendations for policy planners- †¢ Recommendations for prospective car buyers. One important finding coming out of this study, which can change significantly the dynamics of Indian business, is shift in the consumer profile. Though the urbanization is taking place at a very high rate, it is the consumption of Rural India which is increasing at faster rate then Urban India. There for the recommendations for the basis of shift in consumer profile are grouped together, for the four segments of stake holders as specified above. 216 6. 2. 1 Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures1. The fuel efficiency is one of the prime concerns of the car users and therefore it is recommended that the future car engine designee should be based on fuel efficiency and note on high horse power. 2. The availability of repair facility is having influence on buying decision, and therefore it is recommended that the car manufacturer should address this requirement before introducing any high technology based models of small cars for Indian market. 3. The study reveals that the small car is preferred by working women. Introduction of some variance of the car models having â€Å"Women friendly accessories† will attract the women customers. 4. The cost of the spare parts is of concern of car users. To boost the sale of their product it is suggested that the auto component manufacturers, open their dealer networks and service outlets to meet customer’s requirements directly. This is already in practice for car batteries, tyers etc. The Auto electrical segment can also use this. 5. The study reveals that there is shift in consumer profile. The consumer in he rural area is having more stakes in consumption. Currently the car designs are for the urban users. It is recommended that to take advantage of this shift some variance of car models can be designed to attract rural customers. 6. The Tata Motors Nano car is having low price and fuel efficient engine, but as the study reveals it is not accepted by consumers due to various issues like safety, durability, not suitable for long distance travel etc. It is recommended that car manufacture should take a note of this in designing the future models. They are advised to conduct the extensive survey of consumers, particularly, of Nano users, that why a small car launched in Indian car market with a big fan fare could not pick-up and lost its charm in a very short span of time, so that they can revive Nano as per expectations of public and can make it a great success in Indian car market. 217 7. Although 79 percent of the small car users have expressed their satisfaction with the small car being used by them, but 19 percent of the respondents have also expressed their dissatisfaction with the small car which can not be termed as insignificant from any yardstick. Small car manufacturers are advised to develop a suitable mechanism to identify such dissatisfaction and must take concrete steps to overcome their dissatisfaction. 6. 2. 2 i. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. One of the findings of the study is that financing of car purchase is key driver of auto industry. In the discussions it is felt that, as the disposable income is low in the beginning of the career and increases with the passes of time the initial Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) are proved heavy and burdensome on the purchasers. ii. It is therefore, recommended that auto finance companies can adopt a model of financing in which monthly payment in the initial period can be low, with a gradual increase afterwards. 6. 2. 3 Recommendations for government and policy planners(i) The constantly increasing fuel prices on the one hand support the choice of small car but on the other hand the cost conscious consumer may stop shifting from two wheelers to car. The government, therefore, can take suitable policy decision to offset the impact of increased fuel price by reduction of other taxes and duties on fuel. ii) The study reveals the concern of the parking and traffic congestion on roads. It is recommended that â€Å"Town Planers† and policy makers in the government should suitably address these problems. Looking to the shortage of parking area in the city following solutions can be considered(a) Providing high-rise parking setups with lifts. 218 (b) Parking plazas out side city, with rapid transport system conne ctivity to business areas. (c) Making it mandatory to use roof tops for parking, like basement is used of high-rise buildings. (d) The traffic congestion on road, especially in cities, is often because of non adherence to the driving discipline by users. The traffic management system, therefore need to be made more efficient, active and accountable. (iii) To further boost automobile sector, more reforms in this sector are required, Since the Auto Policy published in 2002, is already more then a decade old a working group of experts should be asked to come out a new policy frame work, taking into consideration the current status and challenges. 6. 2. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. (i) From this study one fact has come out clearly that, currently many models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match, the same with his needs. (ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the time of car purchase, substantial saving in car financing can be obtained. (iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability, status symbol etc. However the manufacturer is continuously working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low disposable income, it is therefore recommended that at least considering the very low price of this car, the current model available at the time of purchase can be once again technically evaluated (iv) The government policies for protection of environment are also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is therefore 219 recommended that buyer should select a model which is having futuristic technology engine. This study reveals the fact that the ‘Rural Market’ of India is growing more rapidly then ‘Urban Market’. The perception of car manufacturing industry as well as policy planers with the government in India has considered car as a commodity for urban population. This sift in the consumer profile if taken into serious consideration can lead to following recommendations6. 2. 5. 1Recommendations for the car manufacturesi. The interior design of the cars for the future models can be reviewed, and new models or at least some variants of new models can have features suitable for rural buyer. To give examples the long front seat of retro models can be reintroduced, the capacity of petrol tank can be increased etc. ii. The topographic requirement of rural area can be considered for technical specifications, of the cars e. g. wheel size, road clearance etc. to make it more acceptable in rural India. It is necessary to provide additional protection against dust to the vital elements, like fuel injection systems, carburetors, ignition system etc. iii. It is recommended that car manufacturers explore the possibility of introducing â€Å"Four Wheel Drive† system in small car as well. iv. The Personal car sales- net work currently focuses more on urban India, a shift is recommended in this approach. v. It is recommended that, after sale service net work is to be extended to rural area. Since the area to be serviced will be very large, a module having a central workshop with mobile service vehicles attached to it can also be considered. 220 vi. For the manufacturer like Maruti having major stake in small car segment, it is recommended that they can develop a system through which some selected fuel outlets can be used for providing authorized repair service by tanning the staff of fuel outlet. . 2. 5. 2 Recommendations for auto finance organizationsi. The current system of Equated Monthly Installments, is meeting the requirements of urban consumers which are generally fixed monthly income employees. The earning pattern of the rural consumers is different as it is seasonal. Therefore it is recommended that schemes where the option of repayment in unequaled installments, with a rider to make the complete repayment in a predefined period can be introduced. ii. The cooperative banks are generally very strong in rural India. It is recommended that captive auto finance companies can start exploring the possibilities of working with these banks. 6. 2. 5. 3Recommendations for policy plannersThe growth in auto industry segment works as a catalyst for the entire manufacturing sector. This growth is meeting the two very important key objectives of the government e. g. Improved GDP and more employment. It is therefore recommended that the policy planners in government should design the policies which can boost the sale of cars (small cars) in Indian ruler market.